v1.1.3 (2021-09-09): Refactored to LPBF Ontology.
v1.0.3 (2021-09-09): Renamed to LPBF Ontology without refactoring. Entities added.
v1.0.2 (2021-08-03): Several Classes for the LPBF process at fem were added.
v1.0.1 (2020-12-14): D10, D50, D90 were added.
Martin Jäcklein (Fraunhofer EMI)
Martin Huschka (Fraunhofer EMI)
The LPBF Ontology can be used to describe the additive manufacturing of a component via Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) / Selective Laser Melting (SLM). The ontology builds on BFO2.0 and BWMD_mid and has been developed to be used in conjunction with the digital workflows provided by Fraunhofer IWM. If possible, the terminology within this ontology was used as provided by ISO/ASTM 52900:2015. Historically, it was created as LPBFO ontology; an ontology that described the SLM process at Fraunhofer EMI. However, it is now being used for other applications as well, some leftovers named EMISLM might still be apparent until being updated.
v1.1.3
Contact:
Martin Jäcklein
Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics , Ernst-Mach-Institut, EMI
Ernst-Zermelo-Strasse 4, 79104 Freiburg , Germany
Martin.Huschka@EMI.Fraunhofer.de
Contact:
Martin Huschka
Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics , Ernst-Mach-Institut, EMI
Ernst-Zermelo-Strasse 4, 79104 Freiburg , Germany
Martin.Huschka@EMI.Fraunhofer.de
hasQuality
Metal powder that is supplied to an AM machine as a starting material or that leaves the construction cycle as unused powder.
MetalPowder
Section of the additive manufacturing system, including hardware and machine control software, required commissioning software and peripheral accessories that are necessary to complete a construction cycle for producing parts.
ISO/ASTM 52900
AMMachine
AdditiveManufacturingMachine
Set of operating parameters and system settings used during a construction cycle in additive manufacturing.
ISO/ASTM 52900
ProcessParameters
The particle-size distribution (PSD) of a powder, or granular material, or particles dispersed in fluid, is a list of values or a mathematical function that defines the relative amount, typically by mass, of particles present according to size.
Jillavenkatesa A, Dapkunas S J, Lin-Sien Lum, Particle Size Characterization, NIST Special Publication 960-1, 2001
ParticleSizeDistribution
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle-size_distribution
According to ISO/ASTM 52900, the SelectiveLaserMelting process is now commonly called "LaserPowderBedFusion (L-PBF)".
Additive manufacturing process, in which thermal energy provided by a laser specifically melts areas of a powder bed.
ISO/ASTM 52900
LaserPowderBedFusion
SelectiveLaserMelting
AverageParticleSize
Arithmetic mean of particle diameter of a powder used for additive manufacturing to describe the particle size distribution.
StandardDeviationOfAverageParticleSize
Standard deviation of the arithmetic mean of the particle diameter of a powder used for additive manufacturing to describe the particle size distribution.
AdditiveManufacturingLayerThickness
Layer thickness in 3D printing is a measure of the layer height of each successive addition of material in the additive manufacturing or 3D printing process in which layers are stacked.
Manufacture by breaking the cohesion of bodies whereby the cohesion is partially or completely reduced as defined by DIN 8580 and DIN 8588.
DIN 8580
Trennen
Separating
Additive manufactured set of parts where a part is a connected material that forms a functional element that can represent an entire product or a section of an intended product.
PartSet
Defining the location of the part within the building volume before additive manufacturing.
DefiningPartLocation
ISO/ASTM 52900
Basis that provides a surface on which the construction of the part(s) is started and supported during the additive manufacturing process.
ISO/ASTM 52900
BuildPlatform
Machine and ancillary equipment used for additive manufacturing.
ISO/ASTM 52900
AdditiveManufacturingEquipment
AdditiveManufacturingSystem
AdditiveSystem
Suppliers of materials / base materials that are to be processed in the additive manufacturing system.
ISO/ASTM 52900
MaterialSupplier
The unique URI to the location of the file on a hard drive or server.
FileURI
For a monochromatic wave, \"wavelength\" is the distance between two successive points in a direction perpendicular to the wavefront where at a given instant the phase differs by \\(2\\pi\\). The wavelength of a sinusoidal wave is the spatial period of the wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats. The SI unit of wavelength is the meter."
http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength
WaveLength
Bediener oder Gruppe, welche ein ganzes additives Fertigungssystem oder eine Komponente eines additiven Systems verwendet.
Operator or group that uses an entire additive manufacturing system or a component of an additive system
ISO/ASTM 52900
AMSystemUser
AdditiveManufacturingSystemUser
Inert gases such as argon and nitrogen create an environment which is inert, i.e. chemically inactive, which allows parts to be additively manufactured which meet the exacting standards required for metal parts used in the aerospace and automotive industries.
InertGas
The engineering object as part of the AMSystem that produces the energy to melt the powder in the AM process.
LaserUnit
A horizontal bar that spreads and smooths liquid polymer in vat photopolymerization or powder for powder bed fusion and binder jet processes to create a uniform and flat layer before the build material is solidified, sintered, melted, or bonded.
Mit Beschichter ist umgangsprachlich die "Klinge" gemeint, aus der oder denen sich das Beschichtersystem aufbaut.
Beschichter
Recoater
A set of horizontal bars that spreads and smooths liquid polymer in vat photopolymerization or powder for powder bed fusion and binder jet processes to create a uniform and flat layer before the build material is solidified, sintered, melted, or bonded. A recoater system can be composed of several coaters ("blades"), e.g. in a two-blade system.
Ein Beschichtersystem kann sich aus mehreren Beschichtern ("Klingen") zusammensetzen, z.B. in einem Zweiklingensystem.
Beschichtersystem
RecoaterSystem
Laser mode used for AM wehere the distribution of the phase position of the waves perpendicular to the direction of propagation is called transverse modes. E.g. With a cylindrical cross-section of the laser, the beam intensity ideally has a Gaussian profile; this mode is known as TEM00 mode.
LaserMode
BuildOrientationAngleRelativeToBuildPlatform
Angle realtive to build platform that describes the orientation of the part when it is first inserted into the building volume.
The role of a person or company that makes goods for sale. E.g. Used to describe laser unit manufacturer, AMMachine manufacturer etc.
Manufacturer
Type of the laser unit used for AM, e.g. CW- or pulse Laser.
LaserType
DIN 8589-6.
Manufacture by breaking the cohesion of bodies whereby the cohesion is partially or completely reduced as defined by DIN 8580 and DIN 8589-6.
Sawing
Komponentenorientierung in Bauraum
Orientation of the part when it is first inserted into the building volume.
ISO/ASTM 52900
Bauausrichtung
BuildOrientation
Order of exposure by the laser in an additive manufacturing process.
ExposureOrder
A file of suffix .sli that inherits information about slice layers for the additive manufacturing process.
SliceLayerInterfaceFile
A file of suffix .eosjob that includes all the necessary information and parameters for the additive manufacturing process.
BuildJobFile
Basis that provides a surface on which the additive manufactured set of parts is already/still located on.
BuildPlatformWithPartSet
The role of an operator or of a group that uses a machine, system or a component of a system.
Operator
Identifier that describes the PartSet unequivocally.
PartSetID
ISO/ASTM 52900
One or more process steps that are undertaken after completion of an additive manufacturing construction cycle in order to achieve the desired properties in the end product.
PartPostProcessing
Turning is a form of machining, a material removal process, which is used to create rotational parts by cutting away unwanted material.
DIN 8589-0
Turning
Any kind of heat treatmend process as defined by DIN 8580 that changes the property of a material. Where changing a property of a material is definded by: Manufacture by changing the properties of the material from which a workpiece is made; this happens by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. B. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice, chemical reactions. Unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the nature of these processes.
DIN 8580
HeatTreatment
Name of a file including its suffix, however not the whole FileURI.
FileName
Location of the part within the building volume in additive manufacturing.
ISO/ASTM 52900
PartLocation
To divide something into several pieces.
DIN 8588
Zerteilen
Dividing
Temperature of the BuildPlatform in additive manufacturing 'as supposed'.
BuildPlatformTemperature
Connection for electricity / power as infrastructure equipment for the additive manufacturing system.
PowerConnection
Connection for cooling water as infrastructure equipment for the additive manufacturing system.
CoolingWaterConnection
The portion of particles with diameters smaller than this value is 10%
D10
The portions of particles with diameters smaller and larger than this value are 50%. Also known as the median diameter.
D50
The portion of particles with diameters below this value is 90%.
D90
A boolean information to indicate whether or not a specimen is intended for Heat Treatment according to DIN8580.
IntendedForHeatTreatment
https://www.emi.fraunhofer.de/ontologies/LPBFO_ontology#LPBFO_00048
A boolean information to indicate whether or not a specimen is intended for Turning according to DIN8580.
IntendedForTurning
https://www.emi.fraunhofer.de/ontologies/LPBFO_ontology#LPBFO_00047
Identifier that describes the Part unequivocally.
PartID
Additive manufactured part where a part is a connected material that forms a functional element that can represent an entire product or a section of an intended product.
Part
Type of part produced in additive manufacturing that describes the geometry of the part (e.g. "Testteil", "Stäbe", "Bauteil" etc.)
PartType
Chosen power of the laser used for the additive manufacturing process.
LaserPower
Chosen laser velocity used for the additive manufacturing process.
LaserSpeed
Distance between the scan vectors during the additive manufacturing process.
HatchDistance
Connection for inert gas as infrastructure equipment for the additive manufacturing system.
GasConnection
Diameter of the laser beam used for additive manufacturing.
LaserSpot
Name / ID of the Build Job.
BuildJobName
Content of oxygen in AM material or part as weight fraction in percent.
OxygenContent
Content of hydrogen in AM material or part as weight fraction in percent.
HydrogenContent
Any kind of equipment to monitor the additive manufacturing process.
ProcessMonitoringEquipment
A device that from a distance determines the temperature of a surface from the amount of the thermal radiation it emits, measured with high image acquisition rate.
HighspeedPyrometer
Frequency of the image acquisition e.g. of a camera or pyrometer.
ImageAcquisitionRate
Identification for the type of heat treatment. [T5, T6, none]
HeatTreatmentID
https://www.materials.fraunhofer.de/ontologies/BWMD_ontology/domain#BWMD_00060
Identification or name for material batch or state ID. E.g. "Pulver 1" or "Pulver 2".
MaterialStateID
https://www.materials.fraunhofer.de/ontologies/BWMD_ontology/domain#BWMD_00356
curator